Plain-language summary
The foundational human pharmacokinetic study that mapped how oral β-alanine is absorbed, distributed, and ultimately incorporated into muscle carnosine over weeks of supplementation. The data established β-alanine — not carnosine itself — as the rate-limiting substrate for raising intramuscular carnosine, and set the dosing logic the field still uses today.
Key takeaways
- ›β-alanine is the limiting substrate for muscle carnosine synthesis.
- ›Defined the dose, frequency, and duration of modern loading protocols.
- ›Cited in essentially every subsequent β-alanine trial.
About this summary
The summary and key takeaways above are written by our editorial team in plain language for general readers. They are not the original abstract. For the authors' own wording, methodology, statistics, and full reference list, follow the source link to the published record.